Boots, kernel panics on login and recovery mode

Having an issue with a MacBook, first issue was that on boot it would freeze within 10-15 seconds, only to be resolved by shutting down and then refuse to boot for a few hours. After opening it up I found disconnecting the top case appeared to resolve that issue and I was able boot and the MacBook would not freeze for a long period of time (as long I could tell).

Noticeably the FileVault screen has a number of graphical glitches, colours are off, almost high contrast mode (see picture attached).

The main issue issue though is that whenever I try to login after FileVault the laptop immediately kernel panics and reboots to the "the computer restarted because of a problem" message. Recovery mode does the same, internet recovery mode does the same (once it’s downloaded and tries to boot) and as does booting off an external disk.

It seems to be impossible to get the laptop to fully boot. Apple Diagnostics works but reports no issues, it does however complete the diagnostics in seconds as opposed to minutes as what the support guide suggests.

Update 16/5

Managed to capture the kernel panic whilst in verbose mode:

panic(cpu 2 caller 0x…): Kernel trap at 0x…, type 13=general protection