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Background and Identification
A docking station or port replicator (hub) or dock provides an alternative, simpler way of plugging in a laptop computer to common peripherals. A wide range of dockable devices from mobile phones to computer mice have a range of different connectors, power signaling, and uses, docking stations are not standardized and are often designed with a specific type of device in mind.
A docking station can allow some laptop computer models to become a substitute for a desktop computer without sacrificing the mobility of the device. Portable computers can dock and undock in hot, cold, or standby methods, depending on the system and its capabilities. In a cold dock or undock, the computer is completely shut down before docking or undocking. In a hot dock or undock, the computer remains running when docked or undocked. Standby docking or undocking allows the computer to be docked or undocked while it is powered on but requires that the computer be placed into a sleep mode before docking or undocking.
Types of docking stations include port replicators or hubs, breakout dock or multi-port adapters, OEM or proprietary docks, and universal or third-party docks. Port replicators are sometimes called passthrough and are functionally identical to a bundle of extension cables, except that the cords are plugged in and unplugged together throughout the device. A breakout dock is an extension to a typical port replicator by offering additional ports and replicates the existing ports already on the computer. OEM or proprietary docks produce multiple connections from one port by creating them inside the dock using converters. Universal or third-party docks are functionally similar to OEM or proprietary docks but are available in a wide range of configurations. Instead of extracting ports from internal chipsets, universal docks create ports inside the dock using converters.