I am unfamiliar with this headset but with deductive reasoning and an understanding of the standards for wiring these devices I will try to help you get this working again. The peculiar thing about this circuit is that there is a monitor for the microphone which means that you are not only talking to somebody, but are also hearing yourself as the same time. Please understand that I do not know how the coupler looks so if you could submit a picture of it, that would be helpful if you need to re-solder directly to the circuit but do not know where it goes. I am also assuming that you know how to solder and that you know about the added effort of soldering audio cables. If you have never soldered before and this is something that you need to have done, you should find someone who knows how or just get a new headset.

Headsets do not usually need to get power, but in this case there is a built in amplifier and since the power needed is not going to come from the audio connection we know that the USB is only serving one purpose. Understanding that the USB connection is only powering the device and not also delivering audio we only need a ground and a hot connection. Seeing as how the gold wire is our common thread we can safely assume this is a grounding lead designed to insulate delicate circuits and improve audio input/output.

The Blue[insulated] will be our hot lead and the wrapped blue and gold will be our grounding wire. That blue wire will be transmitting voltage instead of audio so it wont be the same as the other wires. If you have a multimeter you can plug in the USB and test the cable to make sure it is indeed getting voltage through that wire.

Obviously you should know that if the cables are twisted then they should be left together. That being said lets address what the mystery cables are for. Remember that throughout all of these the gold wire is your grounding wire.

[1st Wire]

It appears to me to be the power source for what would be an electret condenser microphone which just so happen to use the approximate voltage that a USB connection would provide.

[2nd Wire]

The Red insulated cable should be your right speaker.

[3rd Wire]

The Green insulated wire should be the left speaker.

[4th Wire]

The Insulated blue and gold should be microphone. Do not tie this cable together with the the first blue wire. My suspicions are that this is a separated ground lead for the microphone to prevent induction and feedback through tying the ground leads together at that point.

If any of the wrapped cables are touching exposed insulated wire then it can cause a short and prevent the device from working altogether. The light on the coupler is for the microphone which will turn red when the microphone is muted and green when it is not. If you are soldering, the board should have some marking next to the connection to indicate which cable goes where.

There is not much more information that I can provide without images of the damage and not having worked on one myself. Hopefully the information I provided will help you in repairing this microphone. If it makes you feel any better, they are coming out with a wireless version of this microphone soon.

As a last note many people have been able to RMA these microphones for replacements from Turtle Beach.