Is it possible to recover data from a failed / corroded logic board?

Sadly, I don’t think there is any way. You’ll need to speak with Apple directly to see if they have a solution.

As far as I know none of the T2 based MacBook systems have anyway to access data stored on the flash chips when the system dies. The T2 encrypts the data so unless you already had turned it off its too late now and you would still need to have the logic board working. The only hope would be to find someone who has the deep skills to patch your logic board back together long enough to pull your data off.

To clarify about the tool you are speaking about, it was for the 2016 & 2017 MacBook Pro models which used a different architecture. The 2018 & 2019 models use the T2 chip.