The lowest version of OS-X you can install on this system from CD or DVD is Snow Leopard.
Lion, Mountain Lion & Mavericks you need to download from the Apple store or have a USB drive with it. In any case you'll need a bootable OS-X disk of some kind to boot up to then install Lion or Mountain Lion or Mavericks.
If you had Lion, Mountain Lion & Mavericks installed you do have a recovery partition which you can recover your damaged OS from.
Tell us what OS-X you are trying to install here and how.